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Microbiology testing encompasses laboratory procedures that detect, identify, and characterize microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites causing human infections. These diagnostic tests are essential for guiding appropriate antimicrobial therapy, monitoring infectious disease outbreaks, ensuring public health safety, and supporting infection prevention programs. Clinical microbiology laboratories process thousands of specimens daily from various body sites including blood, urine, respiratory secretions, wounds, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue samples.